【同义词辨析】 2020-07-15 身体bodily-somatic
bodily: suggests contrast with mental or spiritual: an intellectual who had ~ needs. mental强调思想(给人想法知识的属性)spiritual强调精神(给人能量力量的属性) 如bodily exercise/fluids/contact/activity/needs/functions体操/体液/身体接触/活动/需求/机能
physical: suggests less explicitly an organic structure: their ordeal left them at the point of ~ exhaustion. 如PE体育a physical relationship肉体关系physical constitution体格,physical或physical examination/check体检 physical第二个意思是物质的物理的
corporeal: suggests the substance of which the body is composed: a divinity who assumed ~ existence. 即a corporeal God有形的上帝 (substance泛指物质东西如 固体粉末液体气体等,具有属性a substance is a solid, powder, liquid, or gas with particular properties,如sound travels with different velocities through different substances声音在不同的物质中传播速度不同)
corporal: applies chiefly to things that affect or involve the body: a teacher who still used ~ punishment. 这两个词都来自词根CORP表示body身体,又如incorporate合并corpulent肥胖的corpse尸体corps军、兵团(好像a "body" of soldiers) 这个词还表示下士
somatic: implies contrast with psychical and is free of theological or poetic connotations: ~ reactions to the drug. psychic trauma心理创伤 psychic energy心理能量
bodily身体: 和思想精神相对,physical身体: 比bodily委婉一些,corporeal身体骨肉: 表示有肉身形体的,corporal身体: 表示和身体有关的,多用于体罚一词 ,somatic身体: 和心理相对,无关神学诗意
记忆方法: 1)首字母BPCCS常常不适配<==身体 the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak灵魂是愿意的,但肉体是软弱的(面对疲劳饥饿欲望享乐等时表现软弱) "身"本意是"怀孕",象形字,像一个侧立的人,腹部很大的样子。后引申为人的躯体,即人的全部。 "躯"本意是人的"腹部",后引申为和身同义,身、躯意思完全相同,都表示人的全部。 "体"也是身或躯,从骨豊声或从肉豊声。后引申为"凡有形质的万物",如物体固体个体主体。后进一步引申,"虽无外形,但有外在表现形式的",也可叫体,如事体国体整体体制体统体裁体系
2)身体的意思是人体mean of or relating to the human body.